Text Book of

Physiology and Biochemistry

Author : Dr. V. N. Waghmare

ISBN - 978-93-92464-01-0

                    INDEX

PHYSIOLOGY

UNIT- I 

1. Digestion:

Kinds of digestion-Intracellular and Extracellular Digestion.

Physiology of digestion in the alimentary canal.

Absorption of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids.

2. Vitamins:

Sources and deficiency diseases of Fat soluble and Water

soluble vitamins.

3. Respiration:

Kinds of Respiration- Direct and Indirect Respiration.

Respiratory organs in man.

Mechanism of Respiration in man.

Transport of O2 and CO2

UNIT- II 

1. Excretion:

Structure of Kidney, Structure of nephron.

Mechanism of Urine formation (Ultra-filtration and tubular

re-absorption).

Counter-current Mechanism.

2. Cardiovascular system:

Composition and functions of blood

Types of heart in vertebrates: Neurogenic and Myogenic heart.

Structure and working of Human Heart.

Origin and conduction of the cardiac impulse, Cardiac cycle.

E.C.G. and Blood Pressure

UNIT – III

1. Nerve Physiology :

Structure of generalized neuron,

Types of neurons

Structure of synapse

Major Neurotransmitters- Acetyl choline, adrenaline &

dopamine.

Conduction of nerve impulse

2. Muscle Physiology:

Types of muscles- smooth muscles, skeletal muscles and

cardiac muscles.

Ultra structure of skeletal muscles

UNIT – IV 

1. Reproduction:

Histological structure of human testes and ovaries.

Physiology of male reproduction: hormonal control of

spermatogenesis Physiology of female reproduction: hormonal

control of oogenesis, menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

2. Endocrine Glands:

Structure, functions and hormonal disorders of –

Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Adrenal gland, Islet’s of

Langerhans (Pancreas)

BIOCHEMISTRY

UNIT – I 

1. Biomolecules:

Classification, Structure and Properties of Carbohydrates.

Classification, Structure and Properties of Proteins.

Classification, Structure and Properties of Lipids.

UNIT – II

Electrochemical properties of Water, pH and Colligative

properties

Enzymes: Nomenclature and Classification

Mechanism of Enzyme Action- E-S Complex Formation,

Lock and Key Model, Induced Fit Theory.

Factors affecting Enzyme Activity- Temperature, pH,

Concentration of Enzyme, Concentration of Substrate.

UNIT – III

1. Carbohydrate Metabolism:

Glycolysis (EMP Pathway)

Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis and Glyconeogenesis

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

Pentose Phosphate Pathway (HMP shunt).

UNIT – IV 

1. Lipid metabolism :

The s-oxidation (Beta Oxidation) Pathway

Ketosis, Ketogenesis and Ketolysis.

2. Protein metabolism:

Transamination, deamination and decarboxylation reactions

of amino acids.

Disposal of nitrogenous waste.

Krebs-Henseleit Urea Cycle (Ornithine cycle).