Text of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry for the first year (II Sem) is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of the second semester of the first year in Chemistry course as per the NEP 2020 Pattern. The textbook provides an important opportunity for students to learn the core concepts of chemistry and understand how those concepts apply to their lives and their environment.

The book also includes real-world applications, designed to enhance student learning. This edition has been revised to incorporate clearer, more current, and more dynamic explanations. Substantial improvements have been made in the figures, illustrations, and example exercises that support the text narrative. This book adheres to the scope and sequence of most general chemistry courses nationwide.

The author has tried to make chemistry interesting and accessible to students. With this objective in mind, the content of this textbook has been developed and arranged to provide a logical progression from fundamental to more advanced concepts of chemical science. The content organised in the book satisfies the condition of the syllabus of NEP 2020.

INDEX

Module : 1. Atomic structure

1. Introduction, Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiment, Rutherford's atomic model and its drawbacks.

2. Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom: Bohr's atomic model- Postulates, Derivation for radius of an orbit and energy of an electron. Energy difference in terms of wave number and Rydberg constant. Bohr's explanation of hydrogen spectrum. Merits and demerits of Bohr's theory.

3. Quantum numbers, Electronic configuration of elements: Aufbau principle, Pauli's Exclusion principle, Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity. Numericals on radius and energy.

Module : 2. Gaseous State

1. Kinetic theory of gases: Postulates of kinetic molecular theory of gases. Ideal and non-ideal gases.

2. Deviation of gases from Ideal behavior and Compressibility factor (Z), Boyle's Temperature (Tb) Inversion Temperature (Ti). Derivation of Vander-Waals equation, Units for Vander-Waals constants.

3. Critical phenomenon: Definitions of critical constants. Relation between critical constants (Tc, Vc, Pc) and Vander-Waals constants (a, b). Units of critical constants.

4. Molecular velocities-Root mean square, average and most probable velocities, Relation between molecular velocities, Numericals on Root mean square velocity and critical constants.

Module : 3. Adsorption and Colloids

1. Introduction, Definition of Adsorbate, Adsorbent, Adsorption, factors affecting adsorption. Difference between adsorption and absorption. Types of adsorption: Physical adsorption and chemical adsorption.

2. Introduction, Definition of Dispersed phase (dp) and Dispersion medium (dm) Classification of colloidal systems.

3. Sols: Types of sols, Properties of sols- Colour, Optical (Tyndall effect), Kinetic (Brownian movement) and electrical properties (electrophoresis and electro osmosis).

4. Coagulation of colloidal solution, Hardy-Schulze rules. Protective action of sol and Gold Number.

5. Emulsions: Types of emulsions, preparation of emulsion, Emulsifier.

6. Applications of colloids.

Module : 4. 

(A) Oxidation and reduction :

1. Definition of oxidation, Reduction, Oxidizing agent and reducing agents according to classical concept, electronic concept, oxidation number concept.

2. Rules for assigning oxidation number.

3. Balancing of redox reaction by

1) Ion-electron method and 2) Oxidation number method.

(B) Noble Gas Chemistry :

4. Introduction and Position in the Periodic table.

5. Electronic configuration.

6. Compounds of noble gases, under excited condition, through coordination, by physical trapping (Clathrates).

7. Fluorides of xenon: Preparation, properties and structure of XeF2, XeF4, XeF6.

8. Uses of Noble gases.